If your body is still producing insulin but the insulin is not working properly,
this is called "insulin resistance". Insulin resistance begins a number of years
before Type 2 diabetes develops, although it does not always result in diabetes
and raised blood glucose. Most doctors believe that insulin resistance is the main
reason why people develop Type 2 diabetes. It is thought that insulin resistance
is caused by excess weight, stored around your middle and is linked to the metabolic syndrome.
People who carry excess weight around their middle (central fat) tend to have high
blood pressure and low levels of good cholesterol (HDL cholesterol). The central
fat is very poor at storing lipids (fats) called "triglycerides", which are an energy
source. If these triglycerides aren't stored properly, the level of them in your
blood will begin to rise. High levels of fats in your blood can lead to insulin
resistance. Your body will then need more insulin to maintain a healthy blood glucose
level. Type 2 diabetes may also develop if your pancreas doesn't release enough
insulin, which causes the blood glucose level to drift upwards. As your blood glucose
level rises, you may experience symptoms of thirst, tiredness and frequent visits
to the bathroom. If you are insulin resistant, you may be more prone to health problems
including high blood pressure and high cholesterol. This can lead to heart and blood
circulation disorders, which are known as "cardiovascular diseases". This is why
people with Type 2 diabetes are more likely to develop heart disease.
You can help reduce the risk of becoming insulin resistant by increasing your physical
activity levels and losing excess weight. This can also be an effective way to improve
insulin resistance and its symptoms. Regular exercise should increase your body's
sensitivity to insulin and can help you sustain healthy blood glucose levels. Make
sure you check with your doctor or diabetes healthcare team before you start a new
exercise program. They will be able to give you advice about safe and effective
ways to exercise.